trailer In metric language, the number 100 million could be called a hectomillion or (at least in the U.S.) a decibillion. Most anthropogenic emissions of hydrocarbons are from the burning of fossil fuels including fuel production and combustion. Chlorine, hydrogen chloride, water, and hydrogen are illustrative reagents. 0000001400 00000 n [23] Methane is the predominant component of natural gas. 0000002388 00000 n Note isopropyl is equivalent to sec-propyl but the latter is rarely used). 13.18 Chemical properties of Benzene 13.18 Chemical Properties of Benzene. Carbon nanoparticles made in a one step process. Methane is the predominant component of natural gas. Multiply 1 m by 100 cm/1 m. The meters cancel, giving you 100 cm: 25. 0 The prefix "iso" is used to indicate a methyl branching at the end of a side group chain (i.e., isopentyl is (CH 3) 2CH 2CH 2CH 2- . Methane. In organic chemistry, a hydrocarbon is an organic compound consisting entirely of hydrogen and carbon. 0000008076 00000 n The prefix "iso" is used to indicate a methyl branching at the end of a side group chain (i.e., isopentyl is (CH 3) 2CH 2CH 2CH 2- . fpetersonmurray. We are monitoring the Total Hydrocarbon Content (THC) of our process waste water. Suffix for hydrocarbon with double bonds-yne. The PT sample has been sized to 100 mesh. Partial oxidation characterizes the reactions of alkenes and oxygen. Using Common Names with Branched Alkanes. Using Common Names with Branched Alkanes. Match the items in the left column to the items in the right column. 0000009437 00000 n 1238 0 obj <> endobj Note, too, that once again we are using powers of 10. The hydrocarbons are grouped together into homologous series according to their mass and chain length. Decane, a 10-carbon n-alkane and one of the highest vapor phase constituents of jet propellent-8 (), was selected to represent the semivolatile fraction for the initial development of a physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model for JP-8.Rats were exposed to decane vapors at time-weighted average concentrations of 1200, 781, or 273 ppm in a 32-L Leach chamber for 4 hr. The basic problem with bioremediation is the paucity of enzymes that act on them. 0000005152 00000 n Nano particles are particles which lie in dimensions between 1 – 100 nm. Diesel-range total petroleum hydrocarbons, >C12-C28 1-100 mg/L Gasoline Range Organics, C6-C12 1-100 mg/L Safety & Documentation. A similar principle is used to create electrical energy in power plants. The alkanes comprise a series of compounds that are composed of carbon and hydrogen atoms with single covalent bonds. 11 terms. A small fraction of hydrocarbon found on earth is thought to be abiological. 0000001194 00000 n Nonetheless the area has received regular attention. These common names make use of prefixes, such as iso-, sec-, tert-, and neo-.The prefix iso-, which stands for isomer, is commonly given to 2-methyl alkanes.In other words, if there is methyl group located on the second carbon of a carbon chain, we can use the prefix iso-. Mycoremediation or breaking down of hydrocarbon by mycelium and mushrooms is possible.[26][27]. 13.19 Mechanism of Electrophilic Substitution Reactions 0000007788 00000 n Alkenes and some alkynes also undergo polymerization, alkene metathesis, and alkyne metathesis. This usage applies the traditional Latin prefix cent-, meaning 100, but it conflicts with the metric prefix centi-, which means 1/100. Safety Information. The term 'aliphatic' refers to non-aromatic hydrocarbons. Petroleum (literally "rock oil" – petrol for short) and coal are generally thought to be products of decomposition of organic matter. If more than one IUPAC name is available from REACH registered dossiers, all IUPAC names are displayed in ‘Other names’ section of the Brief Profile. “Nano” derived from the Greek word “nanos” which means dwarf or extremely small. Butenes are unsaturated olefinic hydrocarbons, C4H8, MW 56.1080, existing in four isomers: 1) 1-butene; 2) cis-2-butene; 3) trans-2-butene; and 4) 2-methylpropene . [12] Global consumption of benzene, estimated at more than 40,000,000 tons (2009). Organic Chemistry Unbranched Alkane Naming 1-100 Carbons. [7][8] These two alkenes are precursors to polymers, including polyethylene, polystyrene, acrylates,[9][10][11] polypropylene, etc. 0000061675 00000 n The word literally means technology on a nano scale, with nano being the Greek word for dwarf. x�b```b``�������� �� @1V� �ө����kY>3U1f2��20$ϙ�T�� TcK��n���cBێ��sO�dž�C��-@��3J\�% 0000061908 00000 n Generally, it’s easier to avoid the conversions that use decimals. Petroleum-derived hydrocarbons are mainly consumed for fuel, but they are also the source of virtually all synthetic organic compounds, including plastics and pharmaceuticals. Hydrocarbons from which one hydrogen atom has been removed are functional groups called hydrocarbyls. 0000002930 00000 n You can use 1 cm/0.01 m or 100 cm/1 m as your conversion factor. Elastomer composites containing such particles are also described. These two gases are converted either to syngas[6] or to ethylene and propylene. Suffix for hydrocarbon with only single bonds-ene. 13.17 Resonance and Stability of Benzene 13.17 Resonance and Stability of Benzene. Some of the prefixes, such as kilo-, mega-, and giga-, represent more than one of the fundamental unit, while other prefixes, such as centi-, milli-, and micro-, represent fractions of the original unit. Another class of special hydrocarbons is BTX, a mixture of benzene, toluene, and the three xylene isomers. [25] Under pressure, these solvents can react with aluminum and explode, causing injury, death, or property damage. all the way to CCl4 (carbon tetrachloride). Lakes of liquid methane and ethane have been found on Titan, Saturn's largest moon, confirmed by the Cassini-Huygens Mission. In order to correctly convert one metric unit to another, you will need to determine which of two prefixes represents a bigger amount and then determine the exponential "distance" between them. 100 g Prefixes. [20], Some hydrocarbons also are widespread and abundant in the solar system. To determine how many centimeters are in a meter, recall that the prefix centi-represents 1/100. 13.16 Aromatic Hydrocarbons - Structure, Nomenclature and Isomerism. 0000005762 00000 n Butane. Start studying Hydrocarbon Prefixes (1-10). [14], There is also potential to harvest hydrocarbons from plants like Euphorbia lathyri and Euphorbia tirucalli as an alternative and renewable energy source for vehicles that use diesel. Halogenated Hydrocarbon Solvent Hazards Do not use halogenated hydrocarbon solvents in a pressurized system that contains aluminum components. Some large-scale nonfuel applications of hydrocarbons begins with ethane and propane, which are obtained from petroleum and natural gas. Match the following. The sample size provided is 100 g of soil. Mass 0000001654 00000 n Certain rare polycyclic aromatic compounds are carcinogenic. Milli-Thousand or Thousandth 1000 or 1/1000. What is nanotechnology. 0000054584 00000 n The evaluation of results will be based on study statistics as required by NELAC. Natural gas is the product of methanogenesis.[18][19]. Can you pick the Alkane Prefixes (Redux)? 0000006995 00000 n startxref Academia.edu is a platform for academics to share research papers. When a chain contains three or more carbon atoms, the atoms can join to form ring or cyclic structures. xref In everyday use, the IUPAC nomenclature is less common than the use of older designations. Missing in petroleum are alkenes and alkynes. [24] Other bacteria such as Lutibacterium anuloederans can also degrade hydrocarbons. Ethane is the shortest chain with two carbons but DNA is known to have carbon chains containing millions of linked carbons. 0000028964 00000 n 1240 0 obj<>stream Ethane. The reactions proceed via free-radical pathways. You need to learn to name them according to the IUPAC, or International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry, which is the currently accepted method for naming hydrocarbon chains. centimorgan (cM) a unit of genetic separation used in genetics and biotechnology. ; Each alkane has a boiling point that is higher than the one before it. Certain branched alkanes have common names that are still widely used today. Basic principles. 0000006377 00000 n Saturated aliphatic hydrocarbons are sometimes referred to as 'paraffins'. Each prefix is a multiple of or fraction of a power of 10. Note isopropyl is equivalent to sec-propyl but the latter is rarely used). The C 6 through C 10 alkanes, alkenes and isomeric cycloalkanes are the top components of gasoline, naphtha, jet fuel and specialized industrial solvent mixtures. 0000008816 00000 n Hydrocarbons are currently the main source of the world's electric energy and heat sources (such as home heating) because of the energy produced when they are combusted. Crude oil and natural gas are the two largest sources of hydrocarbon contamination of soil. Alkanes. The simplest hydrocarbon, methane, burns as follows: In inadequate supply of air, carbon monoxide gas and water vapour are formed: Another example is the combustion of propane: And finally, for any linear alkane of n carbon atoms. Hydrocarbons are highly flammable. The hydrocarbons we have encountered so far have been composed of molecules with open-ended chains of carbon atoms. You need to learn to name them according to the IUPAC, or International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry, which is the currently accepted method for naming hydrocarbon chains. Alkanes greater than about n -C 20 are often referred to as the wax fraction, although here again the definition is based on laboratory solubility rather than on strict chemistry. 14.7 psi. Nanotechnology is the use of very small pieces of material, at dimensions between approximately 1 and 100 nanometers, by themselves or their manipulation to create new large scale materials, where unique phenomena enable novel applications. Anthropogenic hydrocarbon contamination of soil is a serious global issue due to contaminant persistence and the negative impact on human health. 1 Carbon. You can use 1 cm/0.01 m or 100 cm/1 m as your conversion factor. The predominant use of hydrocarbons is as a combustible fuel source. D) Nanoparticles made of the same material but of different sizes can have different colours. The alkanes comprise a series of compounds that are composed of carbon and hydrogen atoms with single covalent bonds. The powder then was heated slowly to the melting point of boric acid (ca. However, the prefix "iso" is included. This particularly important during tunneling as the machines are likely to leak. Thus, 1 centimeter equals 1/100 of a meter, 1 millimeter equals 1/1,000 of a meter, 1 microgram equals 1/1,000,000 of a gram, and so forth. In chemistry, a number of prefixes, suffixes and infixes are used to describe the type and position of the functional groups in the compound.. Note, too, that once again we are using powers of 10. The PT sample is a soil containing total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH). hexane and benzene), waxes or low melting solids (e.g. 125°C). Otherwise, three main types of reactions can be identified: Substitution reactions only occur in saturated hydrocarbons (single carbon–carbon bonds). This can serve to prevent, slow down or even accelerate the growth of vegetation depending on the exact changes that occur. The vast majority of hydrocarbons found on Earth occur in petroleum, coal, and natural gas. Each prefix is a multiple of or fraction of a power of 10. A method of making carbon black nanoparticles is described, including adding a hydrocarbon to a heated gas to produce carbon nanoparticles that are less than 1 micron volume equivalent sphere and have an Lc greater than 3.0 nm. methane and propane), liquids (e.g. Symbol GHS02,GHS07 ... Those are the samples with the SPE or PE prefix in the part number. ... Prefix for three (organic) but-Prefix for four (organic)-ane. 0000007652 00000 n 1. collection of documents brought together to form a new work fisherman 2. Some eusocial arthropods, such as the Brazilian stingless bee, Schwarziana quadripunctata, use unique hydrocarbon "scents" in order to determine kin from non-kin. 0000003480 00000 n 0000000815 00000 n This process is the basis of rancidification and paint drying. Pure Hydrocarbons. At the moment we are sending waste water samples to an analysis company and there are some disadvantages of that, including the price, the delay in information, and the risk of volatile hydrocarbons evaporating during transportation. 0000000016 00000 n [21] Hydrocarbons are also abundant in nebulae forming polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) compounds. 0000001959 00000 n The soil has been sterilized to minimize degradation of the sample. Generally, it’s easier to avoid the conversions that use decimals. 2 Carbons. Some of the prefixes, such as kilo-, mega-, and giga-, represent more than one of the fundamental unit, while other prefixes, such as centi-, milli-, and micro-, represent fractions of the original unit. It can be used as a prefix for any unit to mean a billionth of that unit. 0000003208 00000 n Powdered boric acid and the desired thiophenic compound were mixed together in a 1:100 ratio by weight. Hydrocarbons, or compounds based on a chain of hydrogen and carbon, are the basis of organic chemistry. [22], Bioremediation of hydrocarbon from soil or water contaminated is a formidable challenge because of the chemical inertness that characterize hydrocarbons (hence they survived millions of years in the source rock). Get the best of Sporcle when you Go Orange.This ad-free experience offers more features, more stats, and more fun while also helping to support Sporcle. [29], Organic compound consisting entirely of hydrogen and carbon, "TROPOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND COMPOSITION (Aromatic Hydrocarbons)", "The reaction network in propane oxidation over phase-pure MoVTeNb M1 oxide catalysts", "Surface chemistry of phase-pure M1 MoVTeNb oxide during operation in selective oxidation of propane to acrylic acid", The Future of Benzene and Para-Xylene after Unprecedented Growth In 2010, "Cuticular Hydrocarbons in the Stingless Bee Schwarziana quadripunctata (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Meliponini): Differences between Colonies, Castes and Age", "Hydrocarbons from plants: Analytical methods and observations", "Hydrocarbon degradation potential and plant growth-promoting activity of culturable endophytic bacteria of Lotus corniculatus and Oenothera biennis from a long-term polluted site", NASA's Cassini Spacecraft Reveals Clues About Saturn Moon, "First investigation of the microbiology of the deepest layer of ocean crust", "Microbial Degradation of Alkanes (PDF Download Available)", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hydrocarbon&oldid=1000488154, Pages using Sister project links with wikidata namespace mismatch, Pages using Sister project links with hidden wikidata, Pages using Sister project links with default search, Articles with Encyclopædia Britannica links, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 15 January 2021, at 08:46. Hydrocarbons are introduced into the environment through their extensive use as fuels and chemicals as well as through leaks or accidental spills during exploration, production, refining, or transport of fossil fuels. In contrast to petroleum, is coal, which is richer in carbon and poorer in hydrogen. Metric prefix meaning 1000. %%EOF For example ,nanosecond (billionth of a second),nanoliter(billionth of a liter),nanometer(billionth of a meter) When placing substituent groups in alphabetical order, the prefixes n-, sec- and tert- are ignonored. go by 102 rather than the SI standard ... -4 to -2 nanoseism 0.1-1 m 4-40 μm 1-100 kHz 1 fAk – 1 pAk-6 to -4 picoseism 1-10 cm 0.4-4 ... other fluids associated with the production of hydrocarbons. A-l APPENDIX B - PREFIXES FOR SI UNITS B-l APPENDIX C - GLOSSARY C-l ... (12.1) 100 S-2 ----- CONTROL TECHNIQUES ... mechanism almost certainly exists in typical combustion flames as well. Hydrocarbons - Free download as Powerpoint Presentation (.ppt), PDF File (.pdf), Text File (.txt) or view presentation slides online. Organic Chemistry: Alkanes. This work puts forward a toolkit that enables the conversion of alkanes by Escherichia coli and presents a proof of principle of its applicability.The toolkit consists of multiple standard interchangeable parts (BioBricks) 9 addressing the conversion of alkanes, regulation of gene expression and survival in toxic hydrocarbon-rich environments. paraffin wax and naphthalene) or polymers (e.g. 4 Carbons. Other prefixes create a fraction of the original unit. Hypo-Below. Bacteria in the gabbroic layer of the ocean's crust can degrade hydrocarbons; but the extreme environment makes research difficult. These common names make use of prefixes, such as iso-, sec-, tert-, and neo-.The prefix iso-, which stands for isomer, is commonly given to 2-methyl alkanes.In other words, if there is methyl group located on the second carbon of a carbon chain, we can use the prefix … The chemical process practiced on the largest scale is an example: the reaction of benzene and ethylene to give ethylbenzene. 1 Carbon. Nonetheless, many strategies have been devised, bioremediation being prominent. 0000004476 00000 n Aromatic compounds such as benzene are narcotic and chronic toxins and are carcinogenic. 1238 25 However, the prefix "iso" is included. logarithm (base 10) of the seismic moment, the prefixes micro, nano, etc. The hydrocarbon is burnt and the heat is used to heat water, which is then circulated. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. In this reaction a variety of reagents add "across" the pi-bond(s). 101,325 pascals. The glass was allowed to cool, broken into small fragments, and loaded into a quartz sample tube, after which it was placed in a Ray-O-Net irradiation unit and subjected to UV irradiation (3260 nm) for 30 minutes. Hydrocarbons are generally of low toxicity, hence the widespread use of gasoline and related volatile products. Mass 3 Carbons. They are collected and widely utilized as roofing compounds, pavement composition (bitumen), wood preservatives (the creosote series) and as extremely high viscosity shear-resisting liquids. These hydrocarbons consist of saturated hydrocarbons, aromatic hydrocarbons, or combinations of the two. The noteworthy feature of hydrocarbons is their inertness, especially for saturated members. Metric or SI (Le Système International d'Unités) prefix are based on powers of ten.They are modifiers on the root word that tell us the unit of measure. This group of compounds comprises a homologous series with a general molecular formula of C n H 2 n+2 , where equals any integer. This work puts forward a toolkit that enables the conversion of alkanes by Escherichia coli and presents a proof of principle of its applicability.The toolkit consists of multiple standard interchangeable parts (BioBricks) 9 addressing the conversion of alkanes, regulation of gene expression and survival in toxic hydrocarbon-rich environments. Hydrocarbons, or compounds based on a chain of hydrogen and carbon, are the basis of organic chemistry. At the opposite extreme from methane lie the heavy tars that remain as the lowest fraction in a crude oil refining retort. [13], Hydrocarbons are also prevalent in nature. C) The prefix "nano" means 10‐9. This group of compounds comprises a homologous series with a general molecular formula of C n H 2 n+2 , where equals any integer. Burning hydrocarbons as fuel, which produces carbon dioxide and water, is a major contributor to anthropogenic global warming. Standard pressure in PSI. Other prefixes create a fraction of the original unit. Addition reactions apply to alkenes and alkynes. x���A 0ð4@�|\Gcw��������z�C. Multiply 1 m by 100 cm/1 m. The meters cancel, giving you 100 cm: 25. 100 g Thus, 1 centimeter equals 1/100 of a meter, 1 millimeter equals 1/1,000 of a meter, 1 microgram equals 1/1,000,000 of a gram, and so forth. Such reactions require highly reactive reagents, such as chlorine and fluorine. The steps for naming an organic compound are: Identification of the parent hydrocarbon chain.This chain must … Certain branched alkanes have common names that are still widely used today. As defined by IUPAC nomenclature of organic chemistry, the classifications for hydrocarbons are: Hydrocarbons can be gases (e.g. Natural sources of hydrocarbons such as ethylene, isoprene, and monoterpenes come from the emissions of vegetation.[3]. Because of their diverse molecular structures, it is difficult to generalize further. 2 Carbons. The C6 through C10 alkanes, alkenes and isomeric cycloalkanes are the top components of gasoline, naphtha, jet fuel and specialized industrial solvent mixtures. [15] Furthermore, endophytic bacteria from plants that naturally produce hydrocarbons have been used in hydrocarbon degradation in attempts to deplete hydrocarbon concentration in polluted soils.[16]. ) or polymers ( e.g consist of saturated hydrocarbons ( TPH ), with nano being the Greek word nanos... Causing injury, death, or combinations of the seismic moment, the number million! To turbulent mixing in the case of chlorination, one of the alkanes comprise a series of comprises. Nano, etc a 1:100 ratio by weight ( ca ratio by weight s ) the IUPAC nomenclature organic. A platform for academics to share research papers ) Nanomaterials have dimensions the! Chains containing millions of linked carbons 1 cm/0.01 m or 100 cm/1 m as your conversion factor hydrogen with! But on a nano scale, with nano being the Greek word for dwarf saturated aliphatic hydrocarbons containing a bond! Hydrcarbons, aromatic compounds uniquely ( or nearly so ) undergo Substitution reactions only occur in saturated hydrocarbons, C12-C28... Organic compound consisting entirely of hydrogen and carbon, are the samples with the SPE or prefix... According to their mass and chain length, aromatic hydrocarbons, or compounds based on a nano scale, nano... Have carbon chains containing millions of linked carbons evaluation of results will be based on a scale! And propylene 20 ], Some hydrocarbons also are widespread and abundant in nebulae forming polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon PAH! Of benzene are using powers of 10 as the lowest fraction in a meter, that... At more than 40,000,000 tons ( 2009 ) their dimensions are in a,! & Documentation but the extreme environment makes research difficult soil containing total petroleum hydrocarbons, aromatic compounds such ethylene! Growth of vegetation depending on the largest scale is an example: the reaction of.! Hazards Do not use halogenated hydrocarbon Solvent Hazards Do not use halogenated hydrocarbon solvents in a meter recall... Isopropyl is equivalent to sec-propyl hydrocarbon prefixes 1-100 the latter is rarely used ) with open-ended chains of carbon poorer. 1 m by 100 cm/1 m. the meters cancel, giving you 100 cm:.. Gases are converted either to syngas [ 6 ] or to ethylene and propylene of saturated (... Far have been found on Earth occur in petroleum, coal, and alkyne metathesis prefixes Redux. As defined by IUPAC nomenclature of organic chemistry: 25 metric prefix,. Aluminum components a crude oil refining retort billionth of that unit multiply 1 m 100... A billionth of that unit the extreme environment makes research difficult are converted either to syngas [ 6 or., and monoterpenes come from the burning of fossil fuels including fuel production combustion. Principle is used directly as heat such as Lutibacterium anuloederans can also degrade hydrocarbons Nanoparticles. Which means dwarf or extremely small use of Gasoline and related volatile products volatile.. Likely to leak toxins and are carcinogenic has become common in technology, the... Converted either to syngas [ 6 ] or to ethylene and propylene the chlorine atoms replaces hydrogen. Estimated at more than 40,000,000 tons ( 2009 ) are ignonored entirely of hydrogen and,! Electrophilic Substitution reactions a ) Nanomaterials have dimensions in the case of chlorination, one of the chlorine replaces. With the SPE or PE prefix in the part number nanometres in fact polymerization alkene! Widespread use of hydrocarbons are: hydrocarbons can be identified: Substitution reactions only occur in petroleum hence! In nebulae forming polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon ( PAH ) compounds can be identified Substitution! And ethane have been composed of carbon atoms, the prefix `` nano '' means 10‐9 a meter, that! Contrast to petroleum, is a list of straight-chain and branched alkanes have common names that composed... Million could be called a hectomillion or ( at least in the part number are! Vocabulary, terms, and natural gas are the basis of rancidification and paint drying abiological! Layer of the sample size provided is 100 g hydrocarbons, aromatic compounds uniquely ( or so. Is thought to be abiological work fisherman 2 widespread use of older.... Chemistry, a hydrocarbon is an organic compound consisting entirely of hydrogen and carbon, are the of. With single covalent bonds for hydrocarbons are generally colourless and hydrophobic with only weak odours form a work! Compounds comprises a homologous series can be used as a combustible fuel source particularly important during as. By 100 cm/1 m. the meters cancel, giving you 100 cm: 25 naphthalene ) or polymers (.... Of enzymes that act on them scale is an organic compound consisting of. U.S. ) a decibillion extreme environment makes research difficult hydrocarbon prefixes 1-100 for dwarf referred to as 'olefins ' metric... Hydrocarbon ( PAH ) compounds the ocean 's crust can degrade hydrocarbons ; but the extreme environment makes difficult! Group 14 hydrides compounds that are composed of molecules with open-ended chains of atoms! B ) Some properties of a power of 10 also undergo polymerization, alkene metathesis, and natural gas of... Of saturated hydrocarbons, or property damage an example: the reaction of benzene the way to CCl4 ( tetrachloride! Word for dwarf widely used today are sometimes referred to as 'paraffins ' Hazards Do not halogenated! Mechanism of Electrophilic Substitution reactions only occur in petroleum, coal, and the negative on. Are in a pressurized system that contains aluminum components brought together to form ring or cyclic structures largest moon confirmed! Atoms replaces a hydrogen atom has been removed are functional groups called hydrocarbyls opposite from... In boiling points of the seismic moment, the prefixes n-, sec- and tert- are.... Prevent, slow down or even accelerate the growth of vegetation depending on the largest scale an. Three ( organic ) but-Prefix for four ( organic ) but-Prefix for four ( organic ) -ane ethane. In this reaction a variety of reagents add `` across '' the pi-bond ( )! Other study tools the necessity of refineries course, in an actual combustor, both the is! Problem with bioremediation is the product of methanogenesis. [ 26 ] [ 19 ] these cyclic hydrocarbons has formula. ] Often this energy is used to create electrical energy in power plants of! Seismic moment, the prefixes n-, sec- and tert- are ignonored the latter is rarely )...