European courts tried for many years to imitate Chinese blue and white porcelain, but only succeeded in the 18th century after a missionary brought the secret back from China. Blue mosaic in the cloak of Christ in the Hagia Sophia church in Istanbul (13th century). Blue giants are hot and luminous stars with surface temperatures exceeding 10,000 K. The largest blue supergiant stars are extremely massive and energetic, and are usually unstable. It was considered serious and authoritative, without being menacing. (1961), In the 21st century, the dark blue business suit is among the most common style worn by world leaders, At the beginning of the 20th century, many artists recognised the emotional power of blue, and made it the central element of paintings. Fly By II (Remix) One Love. The Virgin Mary's azurite blue robe has degraded into a greenish-black. From the Renaissance onwards, painters used this system to create their colours. Another word for blue-green. It was confirmed by Albert Einstein in 1911. Etymology and linguistic differences. It is the meaning in black and blue, and blue in the face "livid with effort" (1864, earlier black and blue in the face, 1829). Mixing all three primary colours together produces a dark grey. President John F. Kennedy popularised the blue two-button business suit, less formal than the suits of his predecessors. Lapis lazuli pigment was also used to create the rich blues in Persian miniatures. Various shades of blue are used as the national colours for many nations. It was employed at times by Titian, Tintoretto, Veronese, El Greco, Van Dyck, Rubens and Rembrandt.[47]. The People's Liberation Army of China (formerly known as the "Red Army") uses the term "Blue Army" to refer to hostile forces during exercises.[89]. United Nations peacekeepers wear blue helmets to stress their peacekeeping role. Blue is associated with cold water taps which are traditionally marked with blue. This is Zwei Pferde für Münster (Two horses for Münster), a neon sculpture by Stephan Huber (2002), in Munster, Germany. The semi-precious stone lapis lazuli was used in ancient Egypt for jewellery and ornament and later, in the Renaissance, to make the pigment ultramarine, the most expensive of all pigments. The color blue might bring thoughts of first-place blue ribbons or police officers in blue uniforms, and it … [17][18] The irises of the eyes of people with blue eyes contain less dark melanin than those of people with brown eyes, which means that they absorb less short-wavelength blue light, which is instead reflected out to the viewer. [55], The process of making blue with woad was long and noxious – it involved soaking the leaves of the plant for from three days to a week in human urine, ideally urine from men who had been drinking a great deal of alcohol, which was said to improve the colour. The figure is made of faience with a blue glaze, designed to resemble turquoise. The baseball team the Los Angeles Dodgers developed its own blue, called Dodger blue, and several American universities invented new blues for their colours. The Chinese had also created synthetic pigments, but the formula was not known in the west. This was copied by other nobles. The blue is from 1640s as "the sky" (hence bolt from the blue "lightning," 1837); from 1821 as "the sea." The Story Bridge in Brisbane, Australia illuminated in blue light for ovarian cancer awareness. It is the common colour of overalls, Blue is traditionally associated with the sea and the sky, with infinity and distance. These minerals were crushed, ground into powder, and then mixed with a quick-drying binding agent, such as egg yolk (tempera painting); or with a slow-drying oil, such as linseed oil, for oil painting. "of the color of the clear sky," c. 1300, bleu, blwe, etc., "sky-colored," also "livid, lead-colored," from Old French blo, bleu "pale, pallid, wan, light-colored; blond; discolored; blue, blue-gray," from Frankish *blao or some other Germanic source, from Proto-Germanic *blæwaz (source also of Old English blaw, Old Saxon and Old High German blao, Danish blaa, Swedish blå, Old Frisian blau, Middle Dutch bla, Dutch blauw, German blau "blue"). Isatis tinctoria, or woad, was the main source of blue dye in Europe from ancient times until the arrival of indigo from Asia and America. Blue: The history of a color p. 64. Lafayette gave the Garde Nationale dark blue uniforms similar to those of the Continental Army. A…. Guilty. Blue is a mix of green and purple shades, and it's the favorite color of many. During his Blue Period (1901–1904) Pablo Picasso used blue and green, with hardly any warm colours, to create a melancholy mood. "Reflex blue" used to be the name of a common blue pigment in ink manufacturing. In China, the colour blue is commonly associated with torment, ghosts, and death. The color blue makes me feel calm, quiet, reflective, and strong.When I look at the blue waters of the ocean, I feel calm and very strong, I feel free like the moving waves and yet there is a sadness to it which at times fill my eyes with tears -I don't understand why. In addition, in-depth study tools are provided on the site with access to commentaries, encyclopedias, dictionaries, … In international association football, blue is a common colour on kits, as a majority of nations wear the colours of their national flag. Sorry Seems To Be The Hardest Word. If You Come Back. Luminol glows blue when it contacts even a tiny trace of blood. It is co-produced by Jonathan Bird Productions and the non-profit organization Oceanic Research Group. Lapis lazuli pendant from Mesopotamia (c. 2900 BC). Love At First … This was the beginning of new industry to manufacture artificial ultramarine, which eventually almost completely replaced the natural product.[73]. Blue jeans consist of 1–3% by weight of this organic compound. Eighteenth century blue and white pottery from Delft, in the Netherlands. Painting by Caillebotte. Lapis lazuli, a semi-precious stone, has been mined in Afghanistan for more than three thousand years, and was exported to all parts of the ancient world. In the late 18th century, the blue uniform became a symbol of liberty and revolution. Thanks in part to the availability of indigo dye, the 18th century saw the widespread use of blue military uniforms. Blue whale, (Balaenoptera musculus), also called sulfur-bottom whale, the most massive animal ever to have lived, a species of baleen whale that weighs approximately 150 tons and may attain a length of more than 30 metres (98 feet). The Très Riches Heures du Duc de Berry was the most important illuminated manuscript of the 15th century. Blue pigments were originally made from minerals such as lapis lazuli, cobalt and azurite, and blue dyes were made from plants; usually woad in Europe, and Indigofera tinctoria, or true indigo, in Asia and Africa. This is considered the first synthetic pigment. The Greek word for dark blue, kyaneos, could also mean dark green, violet, black or brown. In 1828, another scientist, Christian Gmelin then a professor of chemistry in Tübingen, found the process and published his formula. Another important factor in the increased prestige of the colour blue in the 12th century was the veneration of the Virgin Mary, and a change in the colours used to depict her clothing. The Germans themselves called it bergblau, or mountain stone. Blue Byzantine mosaic ceiling representing the night sky in the Mausoleum of Galla Placidia in Ravenna, Italy (5th century). In Thailand, blue is associated with Friday on the. The Umbrellas, by Pierre Auguste-Renoir. Elmar Steingruber "Indigo and Indigo Colorants" Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry 2004, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim. Both Monet and Renoir liked to use pure colours, without any blending. BLUE is listed in the World's largest and most authoritative dictionary database of abbreviations and acronyms The Free Dictionary It lies between violet and green on the spectrum of visible light. Public opinion polls in the United States and Europe showed that blue was the favourite colour of over fifty per cent of respondents. Marine blue became the official colour of the Royal Navy uniform coat in 1748. A woman struggles to find a way to … Watch ASL Sentence + English Sentence. In the 19th century the Scottish physicist James Clerk Maxwell found a new way of explaining colours, by the wavelength of their light. Dark blue suits were still rare; this one is blue-green or teal. [29] Importing lapis lazuli by caravan across the desert from Afghanistan to Egypt was very expensive. "[49] Good ultramarine was more expensive than gold; in 1508 the German painter Albrecht Dürer reported in a letter that he had paid twelve ducats – the equivalent of forty-one grams of gold – for just thirty grams of ultramarine. The eye perceives blue when observing light with a dominant wavelength between approximately 450 and 495 nanometres. The colour blue has also been used extensively by several airlines. Cited by Philip Ball, from, Wassily Kandinsky, M. T. Sadler (Translator). The Asian indigo dye precursors is more readily obtained. It is used in Chinese porcelain beginning in the T'ang Dynasty. Raphael was a master of this technique, carefully balancing the reds and the blues so no one colour dominated the picture. In the English language, blue often represents the human emotion of sadness, for example, "He was feeling blue". 1. adjective Sad or depressed. 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