From his earliest childhood, he was raised by his father to hate Rome and to seek his destruction. The war on Saguntum was seen by Polybius to be just the first incident in the war. The cause of Second Punic War Bust of Hannibal discovered in Capua. Indeed, the Barcid led the city-state into a war that they did not want. He was determined like his family to defeat Rome and it became an obsession. Spain, which definitely had a great impact on the final outcome of the war. Carthage had been found in the 8th century BC by Phoenicians on the coast of North Africa. Their actions and decisions coordinated with each other to lead to only one end, war. As stated, Roman Imperialism was … The origin of the 2d Punic war; to point out to us the causes of this contestbetween Romeand Carthage, allege first thesiege of Saguntumby the Carthaginians, and,secondly, their breach of treaty by crossing the river called bythe natives the Iber. Their city had suffered too much in the war and in its aftermath during the ‘Mercenary War’ and there was a strong pro-peace party in the city. Garland, Robert. The reluctant government assembled 12,000 foot, 1500 horse and 20 elephants that should be moved under the protection of 60 warships to Italy. Following their defeat in the First Punic War and the loss of territory in Sicily, Carthage built up a new empire in Spain. The cause of the Second Punic War is an issue of some great debate. This raises a very large question on the part of Polybius. The Hannibal inspired attempts by the Carthaginians to engineer a Celtic or a Celtic-Carthaginian invasion placed Rome on a war-footing. generals of the second punic war . [18] This was not typical of all or many in the Carthaginian elite. Hannibal besieged the town under the pretext that the Sagunto attacked one of the tribes, which were under Carthage authority. Hannibal crosses the Ebro. The inability of the Carthaginian Senate to impose their will on Hannibal was also critical. Saguntum’s appeal to Rome. The Romans demanded that the Carthaginians evacuate Sicily. It began in 218 B.C., and continued through 201 B.C. Second Punic War where Hannibal is the primary Carthaginian commander throughout, whereas the Romans had more than a dozen commanders. The army acclaimed Hannibal and he became its commander at the age of 26. Hannibal stated that he was "willing to depart from Saguntum, unarmed, each with two garments."[10]. They were supported by the Barcids in Spain. South of the river Ebro, Sagunto was only sea town (it was Hellenized Iberian city), which did not obeyed to Carthaginians, but it entered into an alliance with Rome. why did rome win the second punic war. who won the second punic war. The war between Hannibal and Rome was one of the most decisive in history. The Punic Wars were clashes between titans and were arguably the largest wars of the time period as the two participants were some of the most powerful nations of the time. New Carthage. The causes of the war were a result of both Roman and Carthaginian actions. Second Punic War Cause Hannibal wanted to avenge his father's failures so he took eflephants and a massive army and marched to the Romans over the Alps. The citizens of Saguntum resisted bravely and they defied Hannibal and his army for long eight months. That said, the treaties, while a major reason for the Second Punic War, were not the only cause. [12] Hannibal also obtained war-elephants. As part of the peace treaty that ended the First Punic War, Carthage could not intervene in the affairs of Italy. After many attacks, his troops stormed and destroyed the city's defenses by attacking them one at a time. Rome thought it would be easy to defeat Hannibal, but Hannibal was full of surprises, including his manner of entering the Italic peninsula from Spain. The Second Punic War is known as Hannibal’s War or against Hannibal. There was no clear victor and the terms set by the Romans were extremely harsh. After a while, the Carthaginians got their house in order and sought to expand their empire again. The war lasted for a whole 17 years … This raises a very large question on the part of Polybius. "[19] Hannibal was bound by this oath and he never wavered from it and he became the Republic’s greatest enemy. and associated with the Scipio’s family. Hannibal used the manpower and resources of Spain to recruit a massive army, some 90,0000 strong, according to modern historian’s estimates. The treaty that Rome made with Carthage was complicated, and had numerous political results. The Senate or Assembly was controlled by a party that wanted peaceful co-existence with Rome and distrusted Hannibal. This war was fought under the command of Hannibal who fought for Carthage while Romans fought under various generals. Still, a lot was happening in the Carthage backyard, i.e. First Punic War (264–241 bce) The interval between the First and Second Punic Wars (241–218 bce) Second Punic War (218–201 bce) Campaigns in Sicily and Spain; The war in Africa; Third Punic War … Roman envoys go to Carthage and declare war. generals of the second punic war. The fault for the beginning of the Second Punic War can not be placed on a single nation. This had aroused resentment among many Punic citizens, and Carthage had no hope of resisting Rome at their weakened condition. Clearly, the tensions between Rome and Carthage had not been fully settled. Bulletin of the Institute of Classical Studies. The Romans feared the Celts ever since. American Journal of Philology. 218 when Hannibal took control of the Greek city and Roman ally Saguntum (in Spain). The fault for the beginning of the Second Punic War can not be placed on a single nation. Battle of Cannae 216 BC. Macedonia, Syracuse and several Numidiankingdoms were drawn into the f… Hannibal was a member of the powerful Barca clan, one of the most influential in Carthage. Carthaginian mistake: attempt to reconquer Sardinia Hannibal's younger brother was sent to Carthago to ask for more troops. Throughout the conflict, intelligence played a pivotal role in shaping … What were the causes of the Northern Renaissance? Hannibal was powerful enough that he could effectively hijack the Carthaginian Senate and to dictate its foreign policy. Hannibal destroys the Roman army at Cannae in the most severe defeat ever suffered by Rome. "The origin of the second Punic War." It seemed that the Barca’s first Hamilcar, then Hasdrubal and finally Hannibal supported a faction in Carthage that wanted a war of ‘national revenge’. After the treaty was signed, the Romans illegally seized the Punic possessions of Sardinia and Corsica. Carthage was asked to totally evacuate Sicily and the Aegadian Islands, which lay west of it, as well as the small islands that lay between Sicily and Africa. Hannibal not only devastated Rome in their military interactions but thrust away Rome’s pride in itself. Like the American’s Manifest Destiny in the 1800’s, Rome wanted to unite the world in its civilization, which they believed was the most culture-rich of all the nations. italy, for 17 years, and then carthage, for less than a year. Less well known, are the causes of the Second Punic War. From here, they established a trade network across the Mediterranean. They were great traders and farmers, and soon they had created a great city, and they dominated large tracts of the coast of Northern Africa. where was the second punic war fought. Hamilcar’s army was composed mainly of mercenaries, from Spain and North Africa, who were personally loyal to him. rome's ability to adapt to war and their numbers. The Second Pinic War: The Causes Of The Second Punic War 938 Words | 4 Pages. Click on picture to enlarge . With Hannibal, these Gallic tribes obtained the control of Placent… Polybius is someone who gives a very good account of the events that led to the war, blaming the Carthaginians for causing the war. [17], It is not fashionable these days to assign much importance to the role of individuals in history. The main reasons for the Second or Hannibalic War were the ambition and pride of prominent military generals and a poorly configured political agreement. Even though the main cause of the second war was the war on Saguntum you must go back all the way to the ending of the First War. Second Punic War 910 Words | 4 Pages. In order to determine who is truthfully to blame for the Second Punic War, each of the causes by both sides must be explored in depth. How did the Renaissance influence the Reformation? B. C. 334. After a while, the Carthaginians got their house in order and sought to expand their empire again. https://dailyhistory.org/index.php?title=What_were_the_causes_of_the_Second_Punic_War&oldid=20475. The success of Hamilcar and his family in Spain, which rebuilt Carthaginian finances and created a standing army, giving Carthage the means to resist Rome. Get the answers you need, now! The first was the bitterness and anger of Hamilcar Barca at the end of the First Punic War when he was forced to surrender … This is the second and most important cause of the Second Punic War. The rising power of the Barcid family in Spain upset the balance of power between Carthage and Rome and this destabilized the peace that was agreed at the end of the First Punic War. The Carthaginians were led by Hannibal, one of the most gifted commanders in history, but the Romans had their own great general Scipio Africanus, an… Explain the causes of the Second Punic War a. Sardinia, 237bc. Rome didn’t like powerful neighbors, and they wanted total control over the Mediterranean. The 2nd Punic War was one of the three epic battles fought between Carthaginians and the Romans from 218 BC to 201 BC. Image Credit: ancient-battles Second Punic Warwas also marked by the happenings of Gallic uprisings that made this war a much more complicated affair for the Romans. The government of Carthage was divided over their support for Hannibal in Spain and they were not really in favor of another war with Rome. Polybius is someone who gives a very good account of the events that led to the war, blaming the Carthaginians for causing the war. He was even able to drag it into another war with Rome despite opposition from Carthaginian citizens. The primary purpose of the dissertation is to examine the causes of the Second Punic War as given by two prominent ancient historians, Polybius and Livy, the key sources for the modern reader studying the conflict. It was a ferocious struggle and it could have led to the destruction of Rome and this could have changed the course of World History. Both nations took decisive actions that forced them towards the war. While there was Hannibal’s army getting ready to over throw the Roman Empire with his cavalry and war elephants, on the other end there were the Gallic tribes eager to massacre them. b. The Roman Senate responded favorably, and ignored the pledge. The cause of the Second Punic War is an issue of some great debate. or in other words, why did it start? rome. Although Rome’s actions were not directly offensive, they set up a path for Carthaginians with very few options. [11] The Romans had allowed Hannibal to become too strong in Spain and now he was able to use it as a base. Thus, fault can be found on both sides. The treaty that Rome made with Carthage was complicated, and had numerous political results. The Mercenary War (240-237 BC) Carthage had to pay its mercenary soldiers after the First Punic War, even though Carthage lost the war to Rome. Hannibal (London: Bristol Classical Press, 2010), p. 45, Hoyos, Dexter. The primary purpose of the dissertation is to examine the causes of the Second Punic War as given by two prominent ancient historians, Polybius and Livy, the key sources for the modern reader studying the conflict. The Third Punic War was entirely avoidable was caused by Rome taking advantage of Carthage while they were weak. Ancient historiography could not clearly determine on whose side was responsible for the Punic wars, or what was the direct reason for the outbreak of the conflict. why did rome win the second punic war. Hannibal in the Second Punic War (218-201 BCE) almost inflicted a total defeat on the Roman Republic. The Mercenary War & The Second Punic War . Rome eventually built a fleet, and after initial defeats, they conquered and smashed the Punic navy and won a total victory. While the First Punic War had been fought largely over control of Sicily, the Second Punic War involved confrontations in Spain, Italy, Sicily, Sardinia, and North Africa.The Carthaginians were led by Hannibal, one of the most gifted commanders in history, but the Romans … One must consider the reasons for tensions being high enough to cause a second war so soon after the first had ended. o Saguntum had a long standing friendship with Rome Rome demands that he leave. They imposed very harsh terms on Carthage as part of the peace treaty. The Second Pinic War: The Causes Of The Second Punic War 938 Words | 4 Pages. It will be argued that the causes of the Second Punic War were Carthage’s intrigues with the Celts, Hannibal’s rivalry with Rome in Spain, and the great Carthaginian’s general thirst for revenge on Rome. where was the second punic war fought. In 219 BC Carthaginian general Hannibal besieged Saguntum, the last Spanish city south of the river Ebro not under Carthaginian control.Saguntum was an ally of Rome, so Hannibal's attack provoked the Second Punic War. Hannibal's dynasty power and politics in the western Mediterranean, 247-183 BC. Scipio Africanus Conquers Spain 206 BC. The interval between the First and Second Punic Wars (241–218 bce) The loss of naval supremacy not only deprived the Carthaginians of their predominance in the western Mediterranean but exposed their overseas empire to disintegration under renewed attacks by Rome. rome. He had lost his power over Mediterranean Sea; losing Sicily and the compensation imposed on him by Rome greatly affected his economy. Supplement, no. Most of the leadership in Cartha… Their city had suffered too much in the war and in its aftermath during the ‘Mercenary War’ and there was a strong pro-peace party in the city. The Second Punic War was one of the bloodiest wars fought in the ancient world. If the Carthaginian Senate had been able to control the Barcid, a war between Hannibal and Rome could have been averted. After he set out from Spain he crossed the Alps and advanced into Italy where he soon won a series of remarkable victories at the battles of Trebia, Lake Trasimene, and the Battle of Cannae. There Hamilcar ‘commanded the young Hannibal to lay his hand on the body of the sacrificial victim and to swear that he would never be a friend to Rome. Carthage was in a difficult situation after the defeat of the First Punic War. The personality of Hannibal, his genius, and his hatred of the Romans was crucial in the outbreak of the war. 218 when Hannibal took control of the Greek city and Roman ally Saguntum (in Spain). However, even without Hannibal, many historians argue that another war between the two greatest powers in the Western Mediterranean was inevitable.[20]. This allowed Hannibal to consolidate his position in Spain. Polybius gives us three events that led to the Second Punic War, and none of these events actually involved Hannibal himself. This was viewed with alarm in Rome and they were troubled by the revival of the Carthaginians power. The Second Punic War broke out in B.C. Rome demanded that Carthage hand over child hostages and demanded all of Carthage's technology. Rome had been complacent about the Carthaginians and they adopted a more aggressive stance. The causes of the First Punic War were mainly clashes of economic interests. Even though the main cause of the second war was the war on Saguntum you must go back all the way to the ending of the First War. What was the cause of the second punic war? Carthage was asked to totally evacuate Sicily and the Aegadian Islands, which lay west of it, as well as the small islands that lay between Sicily and Africa. His father Hamilcar, had valiantly fought the Romans in Sicily and was widely regarded as a great commander. Polybius tells us that the real reason that there was a renewal of activates between Carthage and Rome boiled down to these three factors. [5] They were based in the Po Valley and had a formidable army and they had once even sacked Rome. The story of the conflict is well known, such an event as his heroic crossing of the Alps has become legendary. The Second Punic War (aka The Hannibalic War) was fought between Carthage and Rome between 218 and 201 BCE. In fact, it would not be an overstatement to say that the Carthaginians were the favorites to win the war from the beginning, only to falter in the later and more decisive stages. You can read John D Clare's blog-post - The Saguntum Outrage and the Causes of the Second Punic War - here. The Carthaginians did not control him in Iberia. The Second Punic War : The Causes Of The Second Pinic War 1043 Words | 5 Pages. It also placed restrictions on the size of the Punic navy and demanded reparations. Polybius outlines three clear causes of the Second Punic war. The Second Punic War-In 226, the Romans pledged to not interfere with anything south of the Ebro River, but after the first punic war, a city named Saguntum, south of the Ebro River, asked Rome for help against the Carthaginians. Roman envoys visit Hannibal . He continued the strategy of Hamilcar and continued to expand the Punic presence in Iberia [3]. The Romans now reasoned that Hannibal did not want to respect past agreements and the allies of Rome. revenge. Below is a discussion of the origins of the second great war between Carthage and Rome. Their defeat in the First Punic War saw Carthage stripped of most of its empire, apart from its North Africa territories and an enclave in Spain.[2]. Frustrated at … In both wars, the Carthaginians had also been made to pay Rome massive reparations. The rise of Rome in the Third Century led to their interference in Sicily. [6], The Romans had begun to focus more on Spain but after the assassination of Hasdrubal, they became distracted by events elsewhere. The cause of Second Punic War Bust of Hannibal discovered in Capua. It began in 218 B.C., and continued through 201 B.C. Causes of the War. This is even though he had signed a treaty with Rome that allowed the Carthaginians influence south of the Ebro River and Rome assigned a ‘sphere of influence’ north of that river. (London: Routledge, 2003), p 45, Rich, John. The origins of the Second Punic War, which was very much Hannibal’s war, were the following. Hamilcar was a brilliant leader and strategist and he soon began to conquer extensive territories in Spain. They first established colonies and later developed a maritime Empire. See answer hillaryanaiah hillaryanaiah Answer: The causes of the war were a result of both Roman and Carthaginian actions. In 221 BCE Hasdrubal was assassinated by a local tribesman, many believe at the instigation of the Romans. Extensive Use of Intelligence. oHannibal refuses Roman demands. Carthage had lost the First Punic War (264-241 BCE) and control of Sicily, then again it had been defeated in the Second Punic War (218-201 BCE) and so lost its Spanish empire, its fleet, and independence of military action. New Carthage. Polybius is someone who gives a very good account of the events that led to the war, blaming the Carthaginians for causing the war. He is said to have left the biggest imprint on Rome as an outsider. Polybius quotes the treaty after the 1st Punic war twice: The first time he doesn't mention anything about the Roman allies, but he does the second time when he is providing excuses for the Romans. Carthage had lost the First Punic War (264-241 BCE) and control of Sicily, then again it had been defeated in the Second Punic War (218-201 BCE) and so lost its Spanish empire, its fleet, and independence of military action. Causes of the Second Punic War Some historians of the Hannibalian war, when they wish The origin of the 2d Punic war; to point out to us the causes of this contest between Rome and Carthage, allege first the siege of Saguntum by the Carthaginians, and, secondly, their breach of treaty by crossing the river called by the natives the Iber. Bibliography Primary Sources Secondary Sources This war is often simply known as Hannibal’s war. The Second Punic War or the Hannibalic War lasted sixteen years from 218 BC to 202 BC and was fought between the two major powers of Rome and Carthage. He wanted to restore the Carthaginian Empire and to make it strong again so that it could defend itself against Roman aggression. To set the scene, the First and Second Punic Wars, as well as the period between the wars, are discussed. Causes of the Second Punic War 1722 Words | 7 Pages. [1] This was a brutal war, and both sides inflicted severe defeats on each other. Write the following events onto cards, and sort them in chronologcal order, adding a date where possible: Hannibal besieges Saguntum. However, for such a large and horrendous war, the question of who was the driving force is still asked. Hamilcar drowned while crossing a river during a battle and his command was given to his son-in-law the Fair. The most famous story of the beginning of the Punic War is the story quoted by Polibius, a historian of Greek origin, residing in Rome in the 2nd century BC. what was the cause of the second punic war. There was no clear victor and the terms set by the Romans were extremely harsh. Both nations took decisive actions that forced them towards the war. The Third Punic War was entirely avoidable was caused by Rome taking advantage of Carthage while they were weak. The immediate cause of the Second Punic War was the decision by Hannibal — the main Carthaginian general at the time, and one of history’s most revered military commanders — to ignore the treaty between Carthage and Rome that “forbade” Carthage from expanding in Spain beyond the Ebro River. Furthermore, the wealth of the city tempted him as he needed to pay his men who were all mercenaries. Tensions between Rome and distrusted Hannibal during the Punic presence in Iberia to Hannibal... With some of the Greek city but later was composed mainly of mercenaries, from Spain and Hamilcar organized expedition... Generals and a poorly configured political agreement battle and his army for long eight.! A Greek city and Roman ally Saguntum ( in Spain ) an altar was technically an ally of Saguntum essential! Been complacent about the Carthaginians had a small foothold in Spain ) …! 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